在初中英语学习中，掌握时态与语态是非常重要的基础技能。为了帮助同学们更好地理解和运用这些知识点，以下提供了一些针对性的练习题，并附有详细的答案解析。
一、单项选择题
1. Tom ________ his homework when I called him last night.
- A) was doing
- B) did
- C) has done
- D) does
答案：A
解析：根据时间状语“last night”可知，这里描述的是过去某个时刻正在发生的事情，因此使用过去进行时。
2. The book ________ by many students every year.
- A) is read
- B) reads
- C) has been read
- D) will be read
答案：A
解析：“The book”是动作的承受者，因此需要使用被动语态。由“every year”可判断句子是一般现在时。
3. She said she ________ to the park if it didn’t rain the next day.
- A) would go
- B) goes
- C) went
- D) had gone
答案：A
解析：此句为宾语从句，主句为一般过去时，从句需用过去将来时。
4. By the end of this month, we ________ for three years.
- A) have studied
- B) will have studied
- C) study
- D) studied
答案：B
解析：“by the end of this month”表示将来的时间点，因此需要用将来完成时。
5. If you ________ hard, you will succeed.
- A) work
- B) worked
- C) will work
- D) are working
答案：A
解析：条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”的原则，因此从句使用一般现在时。
二、改写句子
6. He writes a letter every week. (改为被动语态)
答案：A letter is written by him every week.
7. They have already finished the project. (改为否定句)
答案：They haven’t finished the project yet.
8. She was teaching me how to play the piano yesterday. (对划线部分提问)
问题：What was she teaching you yesterday?
9. The teacher told us not to talk in class. (改为间接引语)
答案：The teacher told us that we shouldn’t talk in class.
10. We will finish the task before Friday. (改为被动语态)
答案：The task will be finished before Friday.
三、综合填空题
11. When I arrived at the station, the train ________ (leave).
答案：had left
解析：根据“arrived”可知，到达车站的动作发生在过去，“leave”这一动作已经完成，因此使用过去完成时。
12. The movie ________ (start) when I got there.
答案：had started
解析：同上题，到达电影院之前电影已经开始，因此也使用过去完成时。
13. My father ________ (teach) English for ten years before he retired.
答案：had taught
解析：退休前教书十年，强调在此之前发生的动作，因此使用过去完成时。
通过以上练习，希望大家能够更加熟练地掌握英语中的时态和语态。继续加油，相信你们一定可以取得优异的成绩！
